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THE  AMERICAN  INSTITUTE  OF  SACRED  LITERATURE 


Four  Letters  of  the  Apostle  Paul 


THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CHICAGO  PEESS 
CHICAGO,  ILLINOIS 


Bgents 

THE  BAKEB  & TAYLOE  COMPANY 

NEW  YOKE 

THE  CAMBRIDGE  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

LONDON  AND  EDINBUBGH 


Copyright  by  Ernest  D.  Burton 


OUTLINE  BIBLE  STUDY  COURSES 

OF 

THE  AMERICAN  INSTITUTE  OF  SACRED  LITERATURE 


Four  Letters  of  the  Apostle  Paul 


A Short  Course 


THIS  COURSE  IS  ONE  OF  A SERIES  OF  SHORT  COURSES  FROM  TWO  TO  FOUR  MONTHS  IN  LENGTH , DESIGNED 
FOR  PERSONS  WHO  DO  NOT  CARE  TO  ENTER  UPON  ONE  OF  THE  REGULAR  ELEMENTARY  COURSES 
OF  THE  INSTITUTE  COVERING  A PERIOD  OF  NINE  MONTHS.  THE  MATERIAL  IS  IN  PART 
DUPLICA  TED  IN  THE  LONGER  COURSE  IN  THE  FOUNDING  OF  THE  CHRISTIA N CHURCH. 

THE  FEE  OF  TWENTY-FIVE  CENTS  PAID  FOR  THIS  MA  TERIAL  ENTITLES  THE  STUDENT  TO  MEMBERSHIP  IN  THE 
INSTITUTE  FOR  ONE  YEAR,  WITH  PRIVILEGE  OF  CORRESPONDENCE,  QUESTION  SHEETS,  AND 
CERTIFICATE  FOR  HIS  WORK  IF  SATISFACTORILY  DONE. 


PREPARED  BY 

ERNEST  DE  WITT  BURTON 


THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CHICAGO  PRESS 
CHICAGO,  ILLINOIS 


Copyright  1908  By 

The  American  Institute  op  Sacred  Literatcr 


All  Rights  Reserved 

Published  April  1908 
Second  Impression  October  1912 


Composed  and  Printed  By 
The  University  of  Chicago  Press 
Chicago,  Illinois,  U.S.A. 


FOREWORD  TO  THE  STUDENT 


1.  Work  regularly.  Have  a definite  time  for  your  work  every  day,  and  as  regularly  as  possible  use  that  time 
for  your  work. 

2.  Read  intelligently.  Consider  as  you  read  whether  you  understand  what  you  are  reading.  If  there  is  a word 
the  meaning  of  which  you  do  not  know,  look  it  up.  Many  such  words  can  be  found  in  any  English  dictionary;  for 
others,  refer  to  the  Dictionary  of  Terms  in  the  book.  But  do  not,  if  you  can  avoid  it,  pass  over  a word  without 
knowing  what  it  means. 

3.  Read  attentively.  Notice  the  character  of  what  you  are  reading.  Some  of  the  sections  in  the  present  course 
are  narrative,  relating  events  in  the  history  of  the  early  church.  Others  contain  speeches,  and  still  others  extracts 
from  letters.  When  studying  narrative,  fix  in  mind  the  facts  narrated.  When  studying  a speech  or  a letter, 
follow  carefully  the  course  of  thought.  In  either  case  try  to  fix  the  substance  of  the  section  in  mind  as  you  read. 

4.  Record  the  results  of  your  study.  Have  your  notebook  always  at  hand  as  you  study,  and  use  it  freely  to 
make  your  thought  clear,  and  to  help  you  to  hold  what  you  have  gained.  Everyday’s  reading  ought  to  give  you 
some  result  so  clear  and  definite  that  you  can  write  it  down.  Frequently  let  your  note  be  a summary  in  your 
own  words  of  the  narrative  or  teaching  of  the  passage  studied.  At  other  times  note  down  whatever  most  impresses 
you,  whatever  you  have  got  for  yourself  from  the  passage. 

5.  Make  frequent  reviews.  The  portions  assigned  for  each  day’s  reading  are  very  brief.  Much  of  what  is 
most  interesting  and  instructive  will  come  to  you  only  as  you  connect  these  short  portions  together,  and  see  the 
events  or  the  teachings  in  relation  to  each’other.  Often  turn  back,  and  recall  what  you  have*  read,  using  the  out- 
line to  help  you.  Do  this  again  and  again,  so  that,  if  possible,  when  you  have  finished  the  course  you  will  be  able 
to  recall  the  picture  of  the  apostolic  church,  as  far  as  it  is  reflected  in  these  letters  with  clearness  and  appreciation. 

6.  Try  to  keep  the  outline  in  mind,  so  that  you  can  hold  the  argument  as  you  pass  from  one  day’s  wotk  to 
another.  A most  helpful  exercise  in  the  study  of  a letter  is  that  of  paraphrasing,  that  is,  trying  to  write  out  in 
your  own  language  the  thought  of  a section  or  a speech.  By  reviewing  this  paraphrase  each  day  before  going  on 
with  the  reading,  the  progress  of  the  argument  is  clearly  seen,  and  a valuable  record  of  the  work  is  kept. 

7.  Study  with  open  mind  and  heart.  The  study  of  the  Bible  ought  not  only  to  store  the  mind,  but  to  mold  the 
heart  and  shape  the  life.  It  is  possible,  indeed,  to  be  in  too  great  haste  to  find  the  practical  lesson  in  every  passage. 
You  must  first  of  all  get  the  facts  and  the  teachings,  as  facts  and  teachings;  and  many  of  the  best  lessons  as  already 
suggested,  come  not  from  a single  section  but  from  the  readings  of  many  days.  Be  not  in  haste,  then,  but  be  sure 
that  this  history  of  the  early  days  of  the  Christian  church  has  lessons  for  us  in  these  later  days.  See  to  it  that 
your  heart  is  open  to  them,  and  when  they  come  fail  not  to  receive  them  and  to  live  by  them.  Memorize  short 
passages  which  appeal  to  you. 

8.  Since  this  material  is  part  of  a larger  course,  the  section  numbers  begin  not  with  one,  but  with  thirty-nine. 
The  Dictionary  of  Terms  referred  to  costs  ten  cents,  but  any  good  Bible  dictionary  or  the  Encyclopaedia  Britannica 
may  be  used  equally  well. 


.'.BRARY 

m MfrnciTV 


INTRODUCTION 


THE  LETTER  TO  THE  GALATIANS 

It  is  always  a matter  of  interest  in  studying  a letter  to  know  as  much  as  possible  concerning  both  the  writer 
and  the  persons  addressed,  especially  of  their  relations  to  one  another;  and  since  a knowledge  of  the  time  and 
circumstances  of  the  writing  of  the  letter  frequently  helps  in  defining  to  us  the  situation  from  which  the  letter 
came,  it  becomes  desirable  to  determine  these  also.  In  the  case  of  Paul’s  letter  to  the  Galatians  there  are  special 
difficulties  in  the  way  of  determining  these  things.  We  know  the  writer,  indeed,  and  much  of  his  history.  But 
we  cannot  determine  with  certainty  who  the  persons  addressed  were-,  or  when  the  letter  was  written,  or  where. 

Our  uncertainty  with  reference  to  these  matters  springs  from  an  uncertainty  as  to  the  precise  meaning  of  the 
term  Galatia,  as  used  in  the  salutation  of  the  letter.  The  Greeks  applied  the  word  Galatia  to  that  territory  in 
Western  Europe  which  we  commonly  speak  of  as  Gaul,  and  which  has  been  made  familiar  to  us  by  Caesar’s  Com- 
mentaries. But  they  also  applied  the  same  term  to  a territory  in  the  center  of  the  peninsula  of  Asia  Minor,  in 
which  descendants  of  emigrants  from  Western  Gaul  had,  in  the  third  century  before  Christ,  established  themselves. 
Still  later,  these  Gauls  of  Asia  Minor  extended  their  rule  over  the  adjacent  territory  inhabited  by  the  Lycaonians, 
Pisidians,  and  other  non-Gallic  peoples,  and  when  in  25  B.  c.  the  Romans  converted  the  territory  previously  ruled 
by  the  Galatian  kings  into  a Roman  province,  they  gave  to  the  whole  the  name  of  Galatia.  Thus  it  comes  about 
that  when  Paul  in  the  salutation  of  his  letter  addresses  the  churches  of  Galatia,  we  are  unable  to  say  with  cer- 
tainty whether  these  churches  were  in  that  part  of  the  province  which  was  inhabited  by  Gauls  (Galatia  proper) 
or  in  the  southern  part  in  which  were  the  cities  of  Lystra,  Derbe,  Iconium,  and  Antioch. 

But  while  we  are  thus  unable  to  locate  the  letter  exactly  in  the  life  of  the  writer,  or  even  to  determine  to  whom 
it  was  written,  we  are  fortunate  in  being  able,  from  the  letter  itself,  to  determine  with  a good  degree  of  definiteness 
the  previous  relations  of  the  writer  and  his  readers,  the  circumstances  which  give  rise  to  the  letter,  and  the  pur- 
pose for  which  it  was  written. 

The  Galatians  to  whom  the  letter  was  written  were  Gentile  Christians,  converted  from  heathenism  (4:8), 
and  evidently  under  the  preaching  of  Paul  (1:8,  9;  4:13;  cf.  3:1  ff.).  Paul’s  first  preaching  to  them  was  occa- 
sioned by  illness  on  his  part  (4: 13).  Apparently  he  had  intended  to  go  in  some  other  direction,  but  was  led  by 
illness  either  to  go  to  Galatia,  or  being  on  his  way  through  it,  to  tarry  there.  He  proclaimed  to  them  Jesus  Christ 
and  him  crucified,  preaching  salvation  through  him  by  faith  apart  from  works  of  law  (3:1,2).  He  had  evidently 
imposed  no  Jewish  ordinances,  but  had  taught  a purely  spiritual  Christianity  (3:4;  4:8-11;  5:3,  4).  The  Gala- 
tians had  received  him  and  his  Gospel  with  enthusiasm  (4:12-15).  They  had  been  baptized  (3:27)  and  had 
received  the  gift  of  the  spirit  (3:2-5).  Paul  had  visited  them  a second  time,  as  is  implied  in  his  speaking  of  “the 
former”  visit  (4:13).  Possibly  before  the  second  visit  there  had  been  false  teachers  among  them  (1:9),  but  if 
so  the  defection  had  not  been  serious  (5:7).  More  recently,  however,  a serious  attempt  had  been  made  to  draw 
them  away  from  the  gospel  as  Paul  had  preached  it  to  them  (1:7;  5:12).  This  new  doctrine  opposed  to  Paul’s 
was  of  a judaistic  and  legalistic  type.  Its  advocates  had  endeavored  to  win  the  Galatians  by  appealing  to  the 
promises  of  the  Old  Testament  to  Abraham  and  his  seed,  evidently  teaching  them  either  that  salvation  was  pos- 
sible only  to  those  who  were,  by  blood  or  adoption,  children  of  Abraham,  or  that  the  highest  privileges  belonged 
only  to  these.  Though  the  letter  makes  no  definite  statement  on  this  point,  it  easily  appears  from  the  counter 
argument  of  the  apostle  in  chaps.  3 and  4 (see  especially  3:7,  9,  14;  4:21-31)  that  they  had  laid  chief  stress  upon 
circumcision,  this  being  the  initiatory  rite  by  which  a Gentile  was  adopted  into  the  family  of  Abraham.  Though 
they  had  cautiously  abstained  from  endeavoring  to  impose  the  whole  Jewish  law,  or  from  pointing  out  that 
this  was  logically  involved  in  what  they  did  demand,  they  had  induced  the  Galatians  to  adopt  the  Jewish  feasts 
and  fasts  (4:10).  That  they  denied  the  apostolic  authority  of  Paul  was  a necessary  consequence  of  their  denial 
of  all  the  distinctive  doctrines  of  his  preaching.  This  denial  seems  to  have  taken  the  form  of  representing  Paul 


4 


as  a renegade  follower  of  the  Twelve,  a man  who  knew  nothing  of  Christianity  except  what  he  had  learned  from 
the  Twelve,  and  who  had  perverted  this.  This  appears  from  the  nature  of  Paul’s  defense  of  his  independent 
authority  as  an  apostle  in  the  first  two  chapters  of  the  letter. 

The  assault  of  the  judaizers  upon  the  Galatians  was  upon  the  very  point  of  succeeding  when  Paul  learned  of 
the  state  of  affairs.  They  were  already  removing  from  the  gospel  which  Paul  had  taught  (x : 6) ; he  feared  that 
his  labor  on  them  was  wasted  (4:11);  yet  in  a hopeful  moment  he  was  confident  in  the  Lord  that  they  would  not 
be  carried  away  (5:10). 

The  apostle  writes  in  urgent  haste  and  great  warmth,  first  defending  himself  against  the  charge  of  having 
preached  without  authority,  and  then  defending  his  gospel  itself  against  the  attack  that  had  been  made  upon  it 
by  the  Jewish  missionaries  seeking  thus  to  dissuade  the  Galatians  from  accepting  that  perverted  gospel  of  salva- 
tion through  works  of  law  which  they  were  on  the  very  point  of  accepting,  and  to  win  them  back  to  simple  faith 
in  Jesus  Christ. 


THE  LETTERS  TO  THE  CORINTHIANS 

History  has  left  us  no  record  of  the  first  settlement  made  on  the  site  of  what  in  classical  and  New  Testament 
times  was  known  as  Corinth.  It  was  in  the  nature  of  the  case  that  a city  should  very  early  be  founded  on  the 
isthmus  that  joined  the  Peloponnesus  to  Attica  and  separated  the  Corinthian  and  Saronic  Gulfs,  and  on  that 
isthmus  there  could  hardly  be  a more  attractive  spot  for  a city  than  at  the  foot  of  that  remarkable  rock  citadel, 
afterward  known  as  the  Acrocorinthus,  rising  2,000  feet  above  the  surrounding  region. 

But  the  Corinth  with  which  the  reader  of  the  New  Testament  has  to  do  is  not  the  Corinth  of  prehistoric  or 
even  of  classical  antiquity,  but  one  which  was  in  New  Testament  times  a comparatively  modern  city.  The 
Corinth  of  the  Achaean  League,  of  Thucydides  and  Xenophon,  was  destroyed  by  the  Romans  under  Mummius 
in  146  b.  c.  A century  later,  in  46  b.  c.,  Julius  Caesar  rebuilt  and  repopulated  it.  It  grew  rapidly,  and  another 
century  later — it  was  almost  exactly  one  hundred  years  later  when  Paul  first  visited  it — it  had  perhaps  100,000 
inhabitants.  Its  population  was  heterogeneous,  including,  almost  as  a matter  of  course  in  that  day,  many  Jews. 
It  was  a wealthy  and  a highly  cultivated  city,  though  possibly  both  in  wealth  and  cultivation  inferior  to  the 
Corinth  which  Mummius  destroyed.  It  was  so  infamous  for  its  vice  that  a word  meaning  to  practice  licentious- 
ness was  coined  from  the  name  of  the  city.  Today  there  is  upon  the  site  of  this  city  only  a village  of  five  or  six 
hundred  people,  the  modern  Corinth  being  four  miles  distant  on  the  Bay  of  Corinth. 

The  story  of  the  founding  of  the  Christian  church  in  Corinth  is  told  in  the  eighteenth  chapter  of  the  Book  of 
Acts,  and  should  be  read  afresh  as  a preparation  for  the  study  of  Paul’s  letters  to  the  church,  but  the  letters  them- 
selves also  furnish  us  no  little  information  concerning  Paul’s  work  there.  Thus  he  tells  us  in  I Cor.  3:6,  10; 
9:1,  2,  that  he  himself  founded  the  church,  and  in  I Cor.  2:1-5,  that  with  fear  and  trembling  he  preached  in 
Corinth  the  gospel  of  the  crucified  Savior,  with  unadorned  simplicity  and  without  attempt  to  give  it  the  appear- 
ance of  a philosophy  (I  Cor.  2: 1-5;  cf.  also  3:1,  2).  He  baptized  but  few  of  his  Corinthian  converts,  not  regard- 
ing this  as  a part  of  his  work  (I  Cor.  1 : 14-17).  He  was  supported  while  in  Corinth,  not  by  his  friends  there  but 
in  part  at  least  by  the  gifts  sent  to  him  from  Philippi  (Phil.  4:15  and  II  Cor.  11:9). 

What  we  know  as  Paul’s  first  letter  to  the  Corinthians  was  written  from  Ephesus  (I  Cor.  16:19  and  16:8). 
The  residence  in  Ephesus  thus  referred  to  is  undoubtedly  that  which  is  recorded  in  Acts,  chap.  19,  and  which 
lasted  between  two  and  three  years  (Acts  19:8,  10;  20:31). 

Previous  to  this  he  had  already  written  them  a letter  which  has  not  come  down  to  us,  at  least  in  its  original 
form  (I  Cor.  5:9).  The  occasion  of  the  first  letter  to  the  Corinthians  is  clearly  indicated  in  the  letter  itself.  Mem- 
bers of  the  household  of  Chloe  had  brought  the  apostle  news  of  the  state  of  affairs  at  Corinth  (I  Cor.  1:11). 
Stephanas,  Fortunatus,  and  Achaicus  had  also  visited  him  (I  Cor.  16: 17),  and  they  or  others  had  brought  a letter 
from  the  members  of  the  church  (7:1).  From  all  these  sources  Paul  had  gained  knowledge  of  a number  of  matters 
urgently  requiring  his  attention.  The  church  had  become  divided  into  four  parties  calling  themselves  by  the 
names  of  Paul,  Apollos,  Peter,  and  Christ,  though  there  is  no  indication  that  any  one  of  the  three  Christian 
preachers  whose  names  were  thus  converted  into  party  cries  approved  of  this  use  of  their  names. 


5 


The  Apollos  party  was  probably  made  up  of  those  who  were  captivated  with  the  preaching  of  Apollos,  who, 
holding  substantially  Paul’s  view  of  the  gospel,  had  probably  set  it  forth  with  a show  of  learning  or  with  an  elo- 
quence from  which  Paul  had  carefully  abstained  (I  Cor.  3:6).  The  Paul  party  was  probably  composed  simply 
of  those  who  stood  by  the  apostle.  Of  the  Peter  party  we  have  no  definite  information.  The  Christ  party 
probably  included  or  was  led  by  men  of  the  same  general  spirit  and  purpose  as  those  who  had  troubled  the  Gala- 
tian churches.  They  evidently  claimed  to  be  Christ’s  in  a sense  that  Paul  was  not  such  (II  Cor.  10:7;  11:23). 
Perhaps  they  had  known  Jesus  or  at  least  seen  Him  before  His  death  and  resurrection.  In  the  second  letter  they 
appear  as  the  bitter  opponents  of  the  apostle. 

The  structure  of  the  first  letter  to  the  Corinthians  is  very  simple.  The  apostle,  after  his  introduction  in  the 
first  nine  verses,  takes  up  the  ten  different  matters  concerning  which  he  had  received  information,  and  discusses 
them  in  succession.  No  other  letter  of  the  apostle  gives  us  more  instructive  information  concerning  the  tempta- 
tions, difficulties,  and  perplexities  of  the  early  Christian  churches  in  heathen  cities. 

Our  second  letter  to  the  Corinthians  contains  evidence  to  show  that  the  first  letter  had  been  followed  by  a 
period  of  no  little  anxiety  on  the  part  of  the  apostle,  and  by  various  communications  back  and  forward  between 
the  apostle  and  the  church.  In  the  first  letter  he  speaks  of  Timothy  as  coming  to  visit  them,  but  in  the  second, 
Timothy  is  with  him,  having  returned  from  Corinth,  and  he  is  anxiously  awaiting  the  return  of  Titus  (II  Cor.  2:12, 
13;  7:5).  He  is  no  longer  in  Ephesus,  but  having  gone  from  Ephesus  to  Troas,  he  is  evidently  now  in  Mace- 
donia (II  Cor.  7:5). 

It  is  very  difficult  to  discover  precisely  the  order  and  nature  of  all  these  communications.  It  is  indeed  not 
impossible  that  what  we  call  the  second  letter  to  the  Corinthians  contains  portions  of  several  letters  which  the 
apostle  wrote  about  this  time.  In  any  case,  the  letter,  whether  it  was  originally  one  or  several,  shows  on  the  one 
side  that  the  apostle’s  gravest  anxieties  respecting  the  church  are  now  removed,  and  that  the  church  has  at  length 
consented  to  adopt  the  course  which  the  apostle  had  urgently  recommended  (see  especially  1:3-5  and  7:4-16), 
and  on  the  other  hand,  that  there  are  still,  or  at  least  have  very  recently  been  in  the  church  some  very  bitter  oppo- 
nents of  the  apostle.  To  the  charges  of  these  enemies  of  his,  Paul  replies  evidently  with  deep  feeling  (chaps. 
10-12),  sometimes  with  sarcasm. 

The  structure  of  the  letter  is  much  more  difficult  to  follow  than  that  of  the  first  letter,  though  for  the  most 
part  the  several  portions  of  the  letter  (cf.  the  analysis)  are  in  themselves  clear;  it  is  chiefly  the  relation  of  the  suc- 
cessive parts  to  one  another  that  is  difficult  to  determine.  It  reveals  the  same  qualities  of  mind  and  heart  that 
we  have  found  in  other  letters  of  the  apostle,  vigorous  thought,  deep  feeling,  strenuous  defense  of  himself  against 
his  enemies,  and  of  his  gospel  against  his  opponents. 


THE  LETTER  TO  THE  ROMANS 

The  letter  of  the  apostle  Paul  to  the  Romans  differs  from  all  his  earlier  extant  letters  in  that  it  is  written'to 
the  Christians  of  a city  which,  up  to  the  time  of  the  writing  of  the  letter,  he  had  never  visited.  To  whose  labor 
or  to  what  causes  the  beginnings  of  Christianity  in  Rome  were  due,  it  is  impossible  to  say  with  certainty.  ? Resi- 
dents of  Rome,  Jews,  or  Jewish  proselytes,  visiting  Jerusalem  and  hearing  the  gospel  preached  there;  travelers 
hearing  of  the  new  religion  in  the  lands  about  the  Aegean  Sea,  where  Paul  and  his  companions  had  preached  it; 
preachers  of  the  gospel  who  went  to  Rome  for  the  very  purpose  of  carrying  the  gospel  to  the  capital  city — all 
these  may  have  had  part  in  bringing  it  about  that  before  the  apostle  of  the  Gentiles  found  himself  free  to  visit 
the  great  Gentile  capital  there  was  already  there  a band  of  believers  whose  faith  was  spoken  of  far  and  wide  (Rom. 
1:8-13).  But  it  is  a noticeable  fact  that  the  apostle  makes  no  reference  to  any  previous  connection,  direct  or 
indirect,  between  himself  and  the  church  as  such.  Probably  neither  he  nor  anyone  closely  associated  with  him, 
had  taken  any  leading  part  in  the  founding  of  the  church.  Equally  noticeable  is  the  absence  of  any  reference  to 
any  other  person  as  the  founder  of  the  church.  The  view  that  it  was  planted  by  Peter  finds  no  hint  of  support  in 
the  letter — indeed  seems  plainly  excluded  by  the  apostle’s  conduct  and  his  principle  of  not  building  on  another 
man’s  foundation,  which  he  announces  in  this  very  letter — 15:20.  The  view  most  consistent  with  the  internal 

6 


evidence  is  that  the  church  was  in  a peculiar  sense  an  independent  body,  owing  its  existence  to  various  influences, 
rather  than  to  the  labors  of  a single  apostle  or  missionary.  Indeed  it  seems  probable  that  the  Christians  in  Rome 
constituted  several  groups  or  communities  rather  than  an  organized  body. 

Concerning  the  character  of  the  community,  the  letter  affords  us  somewhat  more  definite  information.  The 
Christians  in  Rome  were  evidently  in  large  part  of  Gentile  blood.  Addressing  himself  to  all  Christians  in  the 
city  the  apostle  definitely  speaks  of  them  as  Gentiles  (i : 5,  6,  13).  That  there  were  also  Jews  or  Jewish  proselytes 
among  the  Roman  Christians  is  indeed  probable.  But  the  paucity  of  the  evidence  and  definiteness  of  the  expres- 
sions referring  to  the  persons  addressed  as  Gentiles,  leaves  no  room  for  doubt  that  these  latter  constituted  the 
prevailing  element  of  the  Christian  community.  It  was  moreover  as  Gentiles  that  they  became  Christians,  and 
there  is  nothing  in  the  letter  to  indicate  that  they  had  as  yet  come  under  such  a judaizing  influence  as  that,  for 
example,  to  which  the  Galatian  churches  had  been  subjected. 

Paul’s  letter  to  the  Romans  was  written  at  a most  interesting  point  in  the  life  of  the  apostle.  He  had,  as  he 
tells  us,  long  desired  to  go  to  Rome,  but  had  hitherto  been  hindered  (1:13).  Now,  however,  he  is  free.  Why 
does  he  not  at  once  start  for  Rome  ? Why  did  he  write  this  letter  instead  of  going  ? He  had  reached  a turning- 
point  in  his  work  as  a Christian  missionary.  From  Jerusalem  round  about  even  unto  Ulyricum  he  had  fully 
preached  the  gospel,  so  that  he  had  no  longer  any  place  in  these  regions  (Rom.  15: 19-23).  The  missionary  jour- 
neys in  Asia  Minor,  Macedonia,  and  Greece,  of  which  we  read  in  the  letters  to  the  Thessalonians,  Galatians,  and 
Corinthians,  were  all  past,  and  by  them  he  had  lighted  the  light  of  the  gospel  in  the  centers  of  influence  through- 
out the  Greek  world.  His  face  is  toward  the  West  as  never  before.  But  one  thing  hinders  him.  He  has  an 
errand  to  accomplish  in  Jerusalem.  It  is  a matter  of  great  consequence.  Eager  as  he  is  to  reach  Rome,  eager 
as  he  is  to  preach  the  gospel  to  regions  beyond,  the  long  journey  to  Jerusalem  must  first  be  made  in  order  to  carry 
to  the  poor  among  the  saints  there  the  offering  to  the  Gentile  Christians  in  Galatia,  Macedonia,  and  Achaia,  and 
thus  to  bind  together  by  bonds  of  love  and  gratitude  the  two  great  divisions  of  the  church  and  to  avert  a schism 
in  the  body  of  Christians.  How  long  time  this  journey  would  occupy  it  was  of  course  impossible  to  forsee.  Mea'n- 
time  he  knows  only  too  well  that  the  same  party  whose  influence  he  has  reason  to  fear  at  Jerusalem,  and  which 
had  for  several  years  been  moving  westward  along  the  line  of  the  Gentile  churches,  is  not  likely  to  be  inactive. 
The  judaizers  who  had  sa  nearly  succeeded  in  corrupting  the  churches  of  the  Galatians,  and  who  had  so  bitterly 
opposed  him  at  Corinth  have  not  yet  given  up  the  fight.  They  do  not  seem  to  have  reached  Rome;  certainly 
they  had  made  no  marked  impression  there.  But  no  one  could  tell  how  soon  they  might  take  ship  for  Italy.  The 
time  which  Paul’s  journey  to  Jerusalem  would  necessarily  occupy  would  give  them  time  to  anticipate  him  in  Rome. 

The  occasion  of  the  letter,  then,  seems  to  be  furnished  by  the  coincidence  of  these  facts:  the  completion  of  the 
apostle’s  work  in  the  East  leading  him  to  turn  his  face  toward  the  West;  the  necessity  of  postponing  his  journey 
thither  long  enough  to  make  a visit  to  Jerusalem;  and  the  activity  of  the  judaizers,  involving  the  danger  that  before 
he  should  reach  Rome  they  would  be  there  perverting  the  Christians  of  the  capital  from  the  liberal  type  of  Chris- 
tianity which  up  to  this  time  they  had  held,  to  the  narrow,  judaistic  view  of  the  nature  of  the  gospel’s  mission. 

Written  then  when  the  apostle  was  looking  forward  to  visiting  Rome  but  was  temporarily  hindered  from  going 
at  once,  its  purpose  was  to  set  before  the  Roman  Christians  a clear  exposition  of  the  gospel  of  salvation  for  both 
Jews  and  Gentiles  by  faith  apart  from  works  of  the  law,  and  to  enforce  certain  great  principles  of  Christian  moral- 
ity, in  order  to  protect  them  against  the  possible  assault  of  judaizing  error,  and  to  build  them  up  in  Christian 
character,  particularly  in  the  matters  affecting  their  relation  to  the  state  and  their  internal  harmony. 

The  course  of  thought  is  orderly  and  systematic,  and  in  the  main  so  clear  as  to  leave  but  little  room  for 
difference  of  opinion  concerning  it. 


ANAL  YTICAL  0 UTLINE. 


Chapter  XI.  Paul's  Second  Missionary  Journey 


§39.  The  dissension  between  Paul  and  Barnabas. 

Acts  15:36-41. 

§40.  The  churches  in  southern  Asia  Minor  revisited. 

Acts  16 : 1-5. 

§41.  The  journey  to  Troas,  and  the  vision  of  Paul. 

Acts  16 : 6-10. 

§42.  The  beginning  of  the  gospel  in  Philippi. 

Acts  16 : 11-40. 

§43.  The  planting  of  the  church  in  Thessalonica. 

Acts  17  : 1-9.  1 Thess.  1:1-2: 14. 


§44. 

§45. 


Preaching  in  the  synagogue  at  Beroea. 

Acts  17 : 10-15. 


Paul  at  Athens. 


Acts  17 : 16-34. 


§46.  Paul’s  first  ministry  in  Corinth  — the  letter  to  the 
Thessalonians. 

Acts  18:1-17.  1 Thess.  2 Thess.  Entire. 


§47.  Paul’s  return  to  Syria  and  third  sojourn  in 
Antioch:  The  letter  to  the  Galatians. 

Acts  18 : 18-22.  Gal.  entire. 

Chapter  XIII.  Paul’s  Third  Missionary  Journey 

§48.  The  churches  of  the  Galatian  Region  and  Phrygia 
he  visited. 

Acts  18 : 23. 

§49.  Apollos  in  Ephesus  and  Corinth. 

Acts  18:24-28. 

§50.  Paul's  ministry  in  Ephesus:  The  first  letter  to 
the  Corinthians. 

Acts,  chap.  19  [20 : 1]  1 Cor.  entire. 

Note. — This  list  of  Parts,  Chapters  and  Sections  is  taken  by 
permission  of  the  publishers  from  a copyrighted  work,  The 
Records  and  Letters  of  the  Apostolic  Age , by  Professor  Ernest 
D.  Burton,  published  by  Chas.  Scribner’s  Sons. 


THE  LETTER  TO  THE  GALATIANS. 


I.  Introduction.  Chap.  1:1-10. 

1.  Salutation,  including  assertion  of  apostolic  author- 

ity. 1:1-5. 

2.  Indignant  rebuke  of  the  Galatian  apostasy,  virtually 

including  the  theme  of  the  epistle:  The  gospel 
which  Paul  preached  the  true  and  only  gospel. 

1:6-10. 

II.  Apologetic  (personal)  Portion  of  the  Epistle. 

The  general  theme  established  by  proving  Paul’s  inde- 
pendence of  all  human  authority  and  direct 
relation  to  Christ.  l : 11—2:21. 

1.  Proposition : Paul  received  his  gospel  not  from 
men,  but  immediately  from  Christ. 

1:11,12. 

1.  Proof : drawn  from  various  periods  of  his  life ; 
including  also  in  the  latter  part  an  exposition  of 
his  gospel.  1:13—2:21. 

a.  From  his  life  before  his  conversion. 

1 : 13,  14. 

b.  From  his  conduct  just  after  his  conversion. 

1:15-17. 

c.  From  his  first  visit  to  Jerusalem. 

1 : 18-24. 

d.  From  his  conduct  on  a subsequent  visit  to 

Jerusalem.  2:1-10. 

e.  From  his  conduct  in  resisting  Peter  at 

Antioch.  2:11-14. 

/.  Continuation  of  his  address  at  Antioch  so 
stated  as  to  be  for  the  Galatians  also  an 
exposition  of  the  gospel  which  Paul 
preached.  2 : 15-21. 

THE  FIRST  LETTER 

I.  Introduction,  Including  Salutation  and 
Thanksgiving.  1 : 1-9. 

II.  Concerning  Matters  Reported  to  the 
Apostle  by  the  Household  of  Chloe. 

1 : 10—6 : 20. 

1.  Concerning  the  factions  in  the  church. 

1:10—4:21. 

a.  The  situation  stated.  l:  10-17. 

b.  justification  of  the  simplicity  of  his  preaching 

among  them.  1:18—3:4. 

c.  Explanation  of  the  relation  between  himself 

and  Apollos,  and  of  the  relation  of  both 


III.  Doctrinal  Portion  of  the  Epistle. 

The  doctrine  of  justification  by  faith  (the  distinctive 

doctrine  of  Paul’s  gospel  as  against  the  judaizing 
heresy)  defended  on  its  own  merits,  chiefly  by 
showing  that  the  “heirs  of  Abraham”  are  such 
by  faith  in  Christ,  not  by  works  of  law. 

Chaps.  3,  4. 

1.  Appeal  to  the  early  Christian  experience  of  the 

Galatians.  3:1-5. 

2.  Argument  from  the  fact  of  Abraham’s  justification 

by  faith.  3:6-9. 

3.  Argument  from  the  curse  which  the  law  pro- 

nounces. 3:10-14. 

4.  Argument  from  the  chronological  order  of  promise 

and  law.  3:15-22. 

5.  The  temporary  and  inferior  nature  of  the  condition 

under  the  law.  3:23—4:11. 

6.  Fervent  exhortation,  appealing  to  the  former  affec- 

tion of  the  Galatians  for  Paul.  4: 12-20. 

7.  Allegorical  argument  from  the  two  branches  of  the 

family  of  Abraham.  4 : 21-31. 

IV.  Hortatory  Portion  of  the  Epistle. 

5:1—6:10. 

1.  Exhortations  directly  connected  with  the  doctrine 

of  the  epistle.  Chap.  5. 

a.  To  stand  fast  in  their  freedom  in  Christ. 

5 : 1-12. 

b.  Not  to  convert  liberty  into  license. 

5 : 13-26. 

2.  More  general  exhortations.  6: 1-10. 

V.  Conclusion.  6:11-18. 

1.  Final  warning  against  the  judaizers.  6:11-16. 

2.  Appeal  enforced  by  his  own  sufferings. 

6:17 

3.  Benediction.  6:18. 

TO  THE  CORINTHIANS. 

to  the  gospel  work.  3:5-17. 

d.  How  in  view  of  these  facts  the  Corinthians 

ought  to  act.  3:18—4:13. 

e.  Concluding  appeal  and  warning. 

4:14-21. 

2.  The  case  of  incegt.  Chap.  5. 

3.  Lawsuits  between  members  of  the  church. 

6:1-11. 

4.  Fornication.  6:12-20. 

III.  Concerning  Matters  Spoken  of  in  their 

Letter.  Chaps.  7-14. 

5.  Concerning  marriage.  Chap.  7. 


08 


6.  Concerning  the  eating  of  things  sacrificed  to  idols. 

8 : 1—11 : 1. 

a.  General  principles : such  eating  is  lawful, 

but  is  not  in  accordance  with  love. 

Chap  8. 

b.  Appeal  to  his  own  example  in  waiving  his 

rights.  Chap.  9. 

c.  Warning,  derived  from  the  Old  Testament, 

against  pride  and  self-conceit. 

10:1-13. 

d.  Argument  from  the  communion  table. 

10 : 14-22. 

e.  Conclusion  : recognize  Christian  liberty,  but 

let  Christian  love  be  supreme. 

10:23—11:1. 

7.  Concerning  women  praying  and  prophesying 

unveiled.  11  = 2-16- 


8.  Concerning  disorder  in  connection  with  the  Lord's 


Supper.  11:17-34. 

9.  Concerning  spiritual  gifts.  Chaps.  12-14. 

a.  The  diversity  of  gifts.  Chap.  12. 

b.  Love  greater  than  all  gifts.  Chap.  13. 

c.  Prophecy  better  than  the  gift  of  tongues. 

14:1-25. 

d.  Concerning  the  exercise  of  gifts  in  their 

assemblies.  14 : 26-36. 

e.  Conclusion.  14:37-40. 

IV.  [Source  of  the  Apostle’s  Information  not 
Indicated.) 

10.  Concerning  the  resurrection.  Chap.  15. 


V.  Conclusion  : Sundry  Minor  Matters,  and 
Pinal  Injunctions.  Chap.  16 


SPECIFIC  DIRECTION'S  FOR  STUDY. 

(Note. — The  section  numbers  refer  to  the  sections  of  the  preceding  Outline.  The  suggestions  on  the  study  of  each  day  — though 
by  no  means  covering  all  the  work  that  might  be  done,  are  made  fuller  this  month  than  will  perhaps  be  necessary  hereafter.  In 
later  sheets  the  student  will  be  thrown  more  upon  his  own  responsibility. 

Abbreviations:  D.T.,  Dictionary  of  Terms;  M.,  Map ; R.V.,  Revised  Version  of  the  Bible;  A.V.,  Authorized  or  Old  Version  of 
the  Bible ; c/.,  compare ; i.  e.,  that  following. 


First  day.  Read  Acts  18:18-22,  and  trace  the  route  of  the  journey  on  the  map.  Concerning  Priscilla  and 
Aquila,  see  D.  T. 

Second  day.  It  is  always  a matter  of  interest  in  studying  a letter  to  know  as  much  as  possible  about  the 
writer  and  the  persons  addressed,  especially  in  their  relation  to  one  another.  Much  of  this  information  can  be 
gained  from  the  letter  itself.  Suggestions  for  the  work  of  the  next  few  days  will  have  this  object  in  mind. 
Read  Gal.  4 : 12-17,  noticing,  (a)  Who  first  preached  the  gospel  to  the  Galations;  ( b ) how  they  received  the 
preacher  and  his  message.  Read  Gal.  3 :l-5,  noticing  (a)  how  Christ  was  first  presented  to  the  Galatians;  (6) 
whether  they  began  the  Christian  life  by  subjecting  themselves  to  the  law,  or  by  simple  faith  in  Christ,  and 
dependence  on  the  Spirit. 

Third  day.  Read  Gal.  1:6-9,  noticing  the  evidence  that  since  the  first  reception  of  the  gospel  by  the  Gala- 
tians there  had  come  among  them  men  preaching  a different  type  of  Christianity.  Note  also  how  Paul  regarded 
thisother  type  of  Christianity.  Read  Gal.  6:12,  13 ; 4:9,  10,  and  observe  what  were  some  of  the  characteristics 
of  this  “other  gospel.”  Prom  these  characteristics,  what  would  you  infer  as  to  the  nationality  of  the 
preachers;  were  they  Jews  or  Gentiles?  Recall  from  the  previous  reading,  (a)  who  first  preached  the  gospel 
to  the  Galatians;  ( b ) the  emphatic  things  in  his  preaching  of  the  gospel;  (c)  who  had  since  preached  a different 
gospel;  (d)  wherein  these  later  preachers  differed  from  the  apostle.  Then  read  Gal.  1:6;  4:11,  19,  20  ; 5:10,  and 
judge  what  degree  of  success  these  later  preachers  had  had. 

Fourth  day.  The  analysis  of  the  letter,  on  the  opposite  page,  is  intended  to  aid  the  student  in  tracing  the 
course  of  thought  throughout  the  letter.  It  should  be  constantly  referred  to  in  connection  with  the  daily  read- 
ings from  the  letter  Read  Gal.  1:1-10,  and  notice,  (a)  what  Paul  claims  concerning  his  authority  as  an  apostle; 
(b)  concerning  his  gospel. 

Fifth  day.  Read  Gal.  1: 11, 12,  and  note  what  Paul  says  here  concerning  his  gospel.  Read  Gal.  1: 13-24  with 
the  aid  of  the  analysis.  Notice  that  the  facts  here  stated  show  how  little  connection  Paul  had  with  other 
Christians,  either  before  or  after  his  conversion.  Consider  how  this  tends  to  show  that  he  could  not  have 
learned  the  gospel  from  men. 

Sixth  day.  Read  Gal.  2: 1-10 ; compare  suggestions  in  the  second  month,  thirteenth  day;  then  read  2 : 11-21, 
comparing  suggestions  in  the  second  month,  fifteenth  day ; notice  how,  in  both  of  these  instances  of  difference 
of  opinion  between  Paul  and  the  Jerusalem  apostles,  his  view  finally  prevailed,  and  observe  the  bearing  of  this 
upon  his  claim  made  in  Gal.  1:11,  12. 

Seventh  day.  Bearing  in  mind  that  the  false  teachers  had  evidently  tried  to  persuade  the  Galatians  to 
receive  circumcision,  by  urging  that  only  thus  could  they  become  sons  of  Abraham,  and  so  heirs  of  the  Scrip- 
ture (Old  Testament)  promises  of  salvation,  read  Gal.,  chap.  3 and  4,  with  the  aid  of  the  analysis; 
notice  especially  what  Paul  maintains,  (a)  as  to  how  men  become  sons  of  Abraham,  and  (b)  as  to  the  perma- 
nence of  the  principle  of  faith  given  to  Abraham,  and  (c)  the  superiority  of  the  new  era  of  faith  brought  in 
by  Christ. 

Eighth  day.  Read  Gal.  5 : 1—12,  noticing  what  Paul  maintains  as  to  what  it  would  mean  for  a Gentile  Chris 
tian  who  had  already  accepted  Christianity  by  faith,  to  adopt  circumcision.  Read  vs.  13-25,  and  note  very 
carefully  how  Paul  guards  his  readers  against  the  thought  that  to  be  free  from  law  is  to  be  at  liberty  to 
follow  fleshly  impulses,  and  what  he  teaches  to  be  the  right  way  of  living  a Christian  life  (see  especially  verses 
16,  18,  25). 


C-3 


Ninth  day.  Read  Gal.  chap.  6,  with  the  aid  of  the  analysis. 

Tenth  day.  §§  48,  49.  Assuming  that  the  letter  to  the  Galatians  was  written  from  Antioch  in  Syria,  trace 
on  the  map  Paul's  journey  as  described  in  Acts  18:23.  See  D.T.,  Galatia  and  the  map  on  page  16.  Read  Acts 
18:24-28.  On  Apollos  see  D.T.  and  on  Priscilla  and  Aquila  recall  where  they  were  previously  mentioned. 

Eleventh  day.  § 50.  Read  the  account  of  (1)  the  baptism  of  the  twelve  disciples,  Acts  19: 1-7.  (2)  preach- 

ing of  the  gospel  in  Ephesus,  Acts  19  :8-10  ; read  also  Paul's  account  of  it  in  Acts  20  : 18-35,  and  consider  how 
great  was  the  effect  of  this  work  in  Ephesus.  Cf.  Acts  19  :26.  (3)  The  conflict  with  opponents,  Acts  19  : 11-20. 
(4)  Paul’s  plans  for  the  future,  Acts  19  : 21,  22.  Cf.  1 Cor.  16  : 3-11. 

Twelfth  day.  Notice  the  evidence  in  1 Cor.  16  : 19,  8,  that  this  letter  was  written  from  Ephesus  ; in  1 Cor. 
5:9,  that  Paul  had  since  leaving  Corinth  written  a letter  to  the  Corinthians  (this  is  now  lost);  in  1 Cor.  7:1  that 
he  had  received  a letter  from  them  ; in  1 Cor.  16  : 17  that  three  Christians  from  Corinth  had  recently  visited 
Paul ; and  in  1 Cor.  1:11  that  members  of  the  household  of  Chloe  had  brought  him  news  of  the  state  of  affairs 
at  Corinth.  It  is  probable  also  that  Paul  had  visited  Corinth  since  he  founded  the  church.  (2  Cor.  13  : 1). 
Observe  that  in  these  various  ways  Paul  had  kept  up  constant  communication  with  the  Corinthians,  and  must 
have  been  thoroughly  informed  as  to  their  condition. 

Thirteenth  duy.  Read  the  following  passages  in  the  letter  and  notice  some  of  the  matters  in  which  the 
apostle  felt  it  necessary  to  instruct  the  church  at  this  time:  1:11,12;  5:1;  6:1;  7:1;  8:1;  11:2,17;  12:1; 
15:12;  16:1. 

Fourteenth  day.  After  reading  1 Cor.  1: 1-9  (cf.  analysis)  and  1:10-17,  in  which  the  fact  of  the  existence  of 
four  parties  at  Corinth  is  brought  out,  recall  what  sort  of  a man  Apollos  was  (Acts  18:24).  It  is  probable  that 
the  Apollos  party  was  made  up  of  those  who  fancied  that  they  had  a taste  for  learned  and  philosophical  preach- 
ing. Bearing  this  in  mind,  notice  what  Paul  says  about,  (a)  the  superiority  of  the  gospel  to  the  wisdom  of 
the  world  (philosophy),  1 Cor.  1:18-24;  ( b ) the  ability  of  the  Corinthians  to  understand  philosophical  preaching, 
1:26-31 ; (c)  how  Paul  had  preached,  2 : 1-5  ; (d)  the  true  wisdom  of  the  gospel,  2: 1-16  ; (e)  the  inability  of  the 
Corinthians  to  receive  it,  3 : 1-4. 

Fifteenth  day.  Read  1 Cor.  3 : 5-23  and  chap.  4 with  the  aid  of  the  analysis. 

Sixteenth  day.  Read  1 Cor.  chaps.  5 and  6,  following  the  analysis. 

Seventeenth  day.  Read  1 Cor.  chap  7,  and  bearing  in  mind  that  the  apostle  is  adapting  his  advice  to 
specific  circumstances,  try  to  find  the  permanent  central  principle  of  his  advice.  See  especially  6 : 17 ; 7 :23,  35. 

Eighteenth  day.  Look  over  the  analysis  of  1 Cor.  8 : 1 — 11:1  concerning  the  eating  of  things  sacrificed  to 
idols,  and  then  read  chap.  8,  noticing  especially  the  central  principle,  and  the  relative  value  of  knowledge  and 
love. 

Nineteenth  day.  Recall  again  the  analysis  of  1 Cor.  8 : 1—11 : 1 and  read  chap.  9,  noticing  what  right  which 
belonged  to  the  apostle  he  had  voluntarily  waived. 

Twentieth  day.  Read  1 Cor.  chap.  10,  following  the  analysis. 

Twenty-first  day.  Read  1 Cor.  11  :2-34  ; see  suggestions  for  eighteenth  day. 

Twenty-second  day.  Look  over  the  analysis  of  1 Cor.  chaps.  12-14  ; then  read  chap.  12  noticing  what 
Paul  sayb  as  to  (a)  the  source  of  all  spiritual  gifts,  ( b ) the  various  gifts  in  the  church  ; (c)  for  whose  benefit  all 
gifts  are  to  be  used. 

Twenty-third  day.  Note  that  in  the  12th  chapter  Paul  has  been  explaining  the  relative  value  and  the  use  of 
all  “gifts,”  but  at  the  end  of  that  chapter  interrupts  his  own  discussion  to  point  out  that  there  is  a better  way 
still  of  solving  these  problems,  viz.,  to  have  love.  Read  the  13th  chapter  as  a psalm  extolling  this  “more 
excellent  way  ” of  love. 

Tiventy -fourth  day.  1 Cor.  chap.  14.  Observe  that  in  this  chapter  the  apostle  comes  back  to  the  practical 
question  of  the  exercising  of  spiritual. gifts  (v.  1;,  especially  the  relative  value  of  “prophecy”  and  “tongues.” 
Concerning  the  difference  between  these  two,  read  carefully  vs.  2-4.  Read  vs.  1-25,  noticing  which  of  the  two 
gifts  the  Corinthians  had  apparently  preferred;  which  Paul  evidently  regards  as  the  more  valuable;  and  the 
reason  for  his  preference.  Read  vs.  26-40  noticing  especially  what  they  imply  as  to  the  character  of  public 
worship  in  the  early  church. 

Twenty -fifth  day.  1 Cm.  chap.  15.  Consult  the  analysis  for  the  theme,  and  v.  12  for  the  occasion  of  this 
discussion.  Read  vs.  1-11  noticing  the  abundant  testimony  to  the  resurrection  of  Jesus  to  which  Paul  refers. 
(Vs.  9-11  are  a parenthesis,  not  directly  connected  with  the  subject  of  the  chapter.)  Read  vs.  12-28  noticing  the 
importance  which  Paul  attaches  to  the  fact  of  the  resurrection  of  Christ  in  relation  to  the  resurrection  of 
Christians.  Read  vs.  29-34  noticing  what  Paul  regards  as  the  immoral  effect  of  the  denial  of  the  resurrection. 
Read  vs.  35-58  in  which  Paul  answers  difficulties  that  are  raised  in  connection  with  the  resurrection. 

Twenty-sixth  day.  Read  chapter  16,  and  endeavor  from  it  to  form  as  definite  and  vivid  a picture  as  you  can 
of  the  every  day  life  of  an  apostle,  and  especially  of  the  matters  with  which  Paul  was  just  at  this  time  occupied. 

Twenty-seventh  day.  Compare  the  reading  of  the  thirteenth  day,  and.  review  the  whole  letter  with 
reference  to  the  information  it  gives  concerning  the  temptations  to  which  Gentile  converts  to  Christianity  were 
subject,  and  the  difficulties  with  which  a Christian  apostle  had  to  contend  in  building  up  churches  worthy  of 
the  Christian  name.  / ttBM 

Tiventy -eighth  day.  Recalling  the  reading  of  yesterday,  observe  in  how  large  a proportion  of  the  cases  Paul 
both  corrects  the  evils  existing  among  the  Corinthians  and  solves  their  perplexities  by  reference  to  two  or 
three  great  principles,  viz.,  the  sanctity  of  the  church  and  of  the  body  as  the  temple  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  and  the 
great  principle  of  love,  requiring  that  all  things  be  done  unto  the  building  up  and  the  edification  of  the  church 
as  the  body  of  Christ.  . . . 

Twenty-ninth  day.  Read  Acts  19  : 23-41  as  an  illustration  of  one  phase  of  the  conflict  of  Christianity  ,.nd 
Greek  heathenism.  Note  especially  the  motives  by  which  the  opponents  of  the  Gospel  were  chiefly  influenced 

OS 


REVIEW  QUESTIONS. 

READ  CAREFULLY. — Answer  questions,  as  far  as  possible,  from  memory.  Then  take  your  Bible  and  review  with  the 
questions  in  mind,  revising  your  answers  as  you  read.  Should  you  wish  to  work  for  a certificate,  duplicate  blanks  for  these 
questions  will  be  sent  on  application  to  the  office  of  the  Institute,  Hyde  Park,  Chicago,  111.,  enclosing  two-cent  stamp.  Blanks  for 
the  entire  course  will  be  sent  at  once.  Any  person  sending  in  the  nine  papers  for  the  year  will  receive  a certificate. 


1.  Give  your  idea  of  the  events  in  Galatia  which  led  Paul  to  write  his  letter  to  the  Galatians 


2.  From  what  source  did  Paul  claim  to  have  received  his  gospel  and  his  apostleship  ? 


3.  Give  the  emphatic  things  in  the  gospel  which  he  claims  to  have  preached  to  the  Galatians 


4.  What,  according  to  Paul,  is  the  true  condition  of  the  “sonship  of  Abraham  ?” 


5.  What,  instead  of  obedience  to  Law,  did  he  claim  to  be  the  true  principle  of  Christian  living  ?. 


(3.  Give  some  account  of  Paul’s  work  in  Ephesus,  its  duration  and  extent,  and  some  special  characteristics. 


7.  From  what  place  did  Paul  write  his  first  letter  to  the  Corinthians  ? 


8.  Name  five  of  the  matters  in  which  Paul  found  it  necessary  to  instruct  the  Corinthians 


9.  What  sort  of  preaching  does  it  seem  that  many  of  the  Corinthians  preferred  ? 


10.  What  had  been  the  characteristics  of  Paul’s  preaching  to  the  Corinthians  ? 


11.  Give  the  central  principle  of  Paul’s  teaching  in  1 Cor.  chap.  7 


12.  By  what  principle  does  Paul  solve  the  difficulty  presented  in  chap.  8? 


13.  What  does  Paul  teach  to  be  the  use  of  all  spiritual  gifts  ? 


14.  What  does  he  set  forth  as  the  greatest  of  all  Christian  principles  ; the  one  which  will  solve  all  difficulties? 


15.  What  are  the  themes  of  chaps.  14  and  15  ? 


HONOR  QUESTIONS. 

N.  B.  Any  person  answering  the  honor  questions  upon  each  of  the  nine  question  sheets  In  the  year’s 
course  will  receive  a Special  Honor  sign  upon  his  certificate.  These  questions  may  he  studied  previously,  hut 
' must  be  answered  from  memory. 

1.  Name  all  the  churches  you  can  recall  which  have  thus  far  been  established  by  Paul 


2.  Make  a statement  concerning  the  difficulties  which  an  apostle  encountered  in  establishing  a Christian 
church  in  a heathen  community 


3.  To  what  two  or  three  great  principles  does  Paul  refer  all  the  difficulties  which  are  presented  to  him? 


4.  Name  some  difficulties  of  our  modern  life  to  which  these  principles  can  be  applied 


5.  In  addition  to  their  historical  value,  of  what  importance  are  these  letters  to  us  today 


Notes 


ANALYTICAL  OUTLINE. 


Chapter  XIII.  Paul’s  Third  Missionary  Journey. 

§48.  The  churches  of  the  Galatian  Region  and  Phrygia 
revisited. 

Acts  18:23. 

§49.  Apollos  in  Ephesus  and  Corinth. 

Acts  18 : 24-28. 

§50.  Paul’s  ministry  in  Ephesus:  The  first  letter  to 
the  Corinthians. 

Acts,  chap.  19  [20 : 1]  l^Cor.  entire. 
§51.  From  Ephesus  to  Macedonia:  The  second  letter  to 
to  the  Corinthians. 

Acts  20:1;  2 Cor.  entire.  (See  analysis  below.) 

THE  SECOND  LETTER 

1.  Introduction,  Including  Salutation-  and 
Thanksgiving.  1:1—11. 

II.  The  Apostle’s  Feelings  and  Conduct  Toward 
the  Corinthians,  particularly  in  the  matter  of 
his  proposed  visit  to  them,  and  of  his  former  letter. 

1 : 12—7  : 16. 

1.  Declares  that  he  had  acted  holily  and  sincerely. 

1:12-14. 

2.  Explains  his  change  of  purpose  respecting  his 

promised  visit  to  them,  and  the  motives  of  his 
former  letter,  and  bids  them  now  forgive  the 
one  whose  wrongdoing  had  occasioned  that 
letter.  1:15-2:11. 

3.  His  anxious  suspense  while  waiting  at  Troas 

for  Titus  to  bring  news  from  them. 

2:12-17. 

4.  [Digression  — a partial  anticipation  of  his  self- 
defense  : See  IV.  below.]  The  manner  and 
motives  of  the  apostle’s  ministry. 

3:1—6:10. 

a.  Not  with  self-commendation  or  with  letters 

of  commendation  from  others,  but  in  reliance 
on  God,  having  been  made  by  him  ministers 
of  a new  convenant.  3:1-11. 

b.  Using  the  boldness  of  speech  appropriate  to 

the  new  hope.  3:12-18. 

c.  Without  craftiness,  preaching  Christ  only  as 

Lord.  4:1-6. 

d.  Weak  and  afflicted,  yet  living  for  others  unto 

the  glory  of  God.  4 : 7-15. 


§52.  In  Macedonia  and  Achaia:  The  letter  to  the 
Romans. 

Acts  20 : 2,  3,  Rom.  entire.  (See  analysis  below.) 

§53.  The  journey  from  Corinth  to  Jerusalem. 

Acts  20 : 4-21-61. 

Note.— This  list  of  Parts,  Chapters  and  Sections  is  taken  by 

permission  of  the  publishers  from  a copyrighted  work,  The 

Records  and  Letters  of  the  Apostolic  Age,  by  Professor  Ernest 

D.  Burton,  published  by  Chas.  Scribner’s  Sons. 

TO  THE  CORINTHIANS. 

e.  Fainting  not  at  persecutions,  but  looking 

unto  the  eternal  things  which  are  to  come. 

4 : 16—5 : 10. 

/.  As  ambassadors  for  Christ,  responsible  to 

God,  living  and  suffering  for  men. 

5:11—6:10. 

5.  His  love  for  the  Corinthians  and  appeal  for 

their  love.  6:11—7:4. 

6.  His  anxious  suspense  while  he  waited  in  Mace- 
donia for  Titus  (c/.  3 above)  and  his  great  joy 
when  Titus  brought  good  news. 

7 : 5-16. 

III.  Concerning  the  Ministering  to  the  Saints 
(cf.  1 Cor.  16:1-3;  Rom.  15:25,  26).  Chaps.  8,  9. 

IV.  Defense  of  Himself  Against  his  Opponents. 

10:1—12:13. 

1.  Repels  the  charges  of  his  opponents,  intimating 

charges  against  them,  and  affirms  the  authority 
given  him  by  Christ.  Chap.  10. 

2.  With  repeated  apologies  for  boasting,  and 
mingled  denunciation  of  his  opponents,  he 
boasts  of  his  Hebrew  blood,  his  relation  to 
Christ,  his  sufferings  and  labors,  and  his  visions. 

11:1—12:13. 

V.  Transition  to  the  Conclusion  : his  intention  to 
come  to  them  ; the  motives  and  manner  of  his 
coming.  i2  : 14—13 : 10. 

VI.  Conclusion:  Parting, Injunctions, Salutations 
and  Benediction.  13 : 11 — 14. 


THE  LETTER  TO 

I.  Introduction.  1:1-17. 

1.  Salutation,  including  description  of  the  author’s 

apostleship.  1:1-7. 

2.  Thanksgiving  for  the  faith  of  the  Christains  in 

Rome,  and  expression  of  his  deep  interest  in 
them.  1:8-15. 

3.  Theme  of  the  Letter:  The  Gospel  the  power  of 

God  unto  salvation  to  everyone  that  believes, 
both  Jew  and  Greek.  1:16,17. 

II.  Doctrinal  Portion  of  the  Letter  : 

Defense  and  exposition  of  the  theme.  1:18 — 11:36. 

A.  Sin  and  guilt  universal,  and  hence  justification  by 

works  of  law  impossible.  1:18—3:20. 

1.  The  guilt  of  the  Gentiles.  l : 18-32. 

2.  The  guilt  of  the  Jews.  2:1— 3:20. 

B.  But  now  a righteousness  apart  from  works  of  law, 

available  through  faith,  for  both  Jews  and  Gen- 
tiles, has  been  revealed  ; this  righteousness  des- 
cribed and  explained.  3:21—5:21. 


THE  ROMANS. 

1.  This  righteousness  comprehensively  described. 

3 : 21-26. 

2.  Bearing  of  this  on  Jewish  pride  and  exclusive- 
ness. 3 : 27-30. 

3.  Accordance  of  this  teaching  with  law  (i.e.,  with 
the  Old  Testament  conception  of  the  nature  and 
office  of  law)  shown  from  the  case  of  Abraham. 

3:31—4:25. 

4.  Blessedness  and  excellence  of  this  salvation. 

ch.  5. 

a)  Blessed  consequences  of  justification:  peace; 
joy  in  tribulation;  hope  of  final  salvation, 
fully  assured  since  it  rests  on  God’s  love 
manifested  in  our  justification  and  proved 
by  the  death  of  Christ  for  us.  5:1-11. 

b)  Excellence  of  this  salvation  shown  by  com- 

paring and  contrasting  the  sin  and  death 
that  came  through  Adam  with  the  righteous- 
ness unto  life  that  came  through  Jesus 
Christ.  5:12-21. 

C-4 


C.  The  changed  relations  of  those  that  are  justified, 

to  sin,  and  law,  and  death.  chaps.  6, 7,  8. 

1.  To  sin.  chaP- 6- 

2.  To  law.  chap.  7. 

3.  To  death.  8:1-30. 

4.  Triumphant  summing  up  of  the  blessedness  of 

God’s  elect.  8:31-39. 

D.  The  rejection  of  Israel.  chaps.  9, 10, 11 

1.  The  apostle's  grief  over  the  fact. 

9 : 1-5. 

2.  Yet  God  is  justified  therein.  9:6-33. 

a)  It  violates  no  promise  of  God. 

9:6-13. 

b)  It  involves  no  intrinsic  unrighteousness  in 

God.  9.14-24. 

c)  It  was  foretold  by  the  prophets. 

9 : 25-29. 

d)  The  failure  of  the  Jews  to  attain  righteous- 
ness is  due  to  their  own  lack  of  faith. 

9 : 30-33. 

3.  The  apostle’s  desire  that  they  may  be  saved. 

10:1. 

4.  The  fault  of  the  Jews  shown  more  explicitly. 

10:2-21. 

a)  Ignorance  of  the  divine  way  of  righteousness. 

10 : 2-15. 


b)  Wilful  resistance:  they  heard  but  obeyed 
not.  10 : 16-21. 

5.  The  nature  of  this  rejection  explained. 

11:1-32. 

a)  Not  of  the  nation  in  toto  but  consisting 

rather  in  the  election  of  a part  and  the  hard 

ening  of  the  rest.  11:1-10. 

b)  Not  absolute  and  final.  11:11-32. 

6.  Ascription  of  praise  to  God  for  his  unsearchable 

wisdom.  11:33-36. 

III.  Hortatory  Portion  of  the  Epistle. 

12:1—15:13. 

1.  The  believer’s  offering  of  himself  to  God. 

12:1,  2. 

2.  His  duty  as  a member  of  the  body  of  Christ. 

12:3-21. 

3.  His  duty  as  a subject  of  civil  government. 

13:1-7. 

4.  His  duty  as  a member  of  society, 

13:8-10. 

5.  Enforcement  of  all  these  exhortations  by  the 

nearness  of  “ the  day.”  13:11-14. 

6.  Concerning  them  that  are  weak  in  faith. 

14:1—15:13. 

IV.  Conclusion  : Personal  matters,  final 
injunctions,  and  doxology.  15:14 — 16:27. 


SPECIFIC  DIRECTIONS  FOR  STUDY. 

Note. — The  section  numbers  refer  to  the  sections  of  the  preceding  Outline. 

Abbreviations:  D.T.,  Dictionary  of  Terms;  M.,  Map;  R.V.,  Revised  Version  of  the  Bible;  A.V.,  Authorized  or  Old  Version  of 
the  Bible ; c/.,  compare ; t.  «.,  that  is  ; ff.,  following. 


First  day.  From  Acts  20: 1 ; 2 Cor.  2: 12, 13  ; 2 Cor.  7:  5-13,  answer  the  following  questions  : (1)  When  Paul 
left  Ephesus  to  what  country  did  he  intend  to  go?  (2)  At  what  place  did  he  6top  on  the  way?  ( cf . map).  (3) 
Whom  did  he  hope  would  join  him  there,  and  what  was  the  effect  on  his  mind  of  the  failure  of  this  messenger 
to  come?  (4)  From  what  place  was  the  messenger  coming,  and  why  was  Paul  so  anxious  to  see  hyn?  (5)  Where 
did  the  messenger  finally  join  Paul ; what  kind  of  news  did  he  bring?  (6)  From  all  these  facts  form  your 
impression  first  of  the  nature  of  the  experiences  through  which  Paul  was  passing  in  these  weeks  or  months, 
and  second,  as  to  the  occasion  for  the  writing  of  this  letter  to  Corinth. 

Second  day.  See  analysis  of  2 Cor.  on  the  opposite  page,  and,  bearing  in  mind  that  the  relations  between 
the  apostle  and  the  Corinthians  had  evidently  been  somewhat  strained  by  a suspicion  on  their  part  that  Paul 
had  been  unduly  reticent  concerning  his  own  experiences  and  somewhat  fickle  in  the  matter  of  his  plans  for 
visiting  them,  as  well  as  by  the  severity  of  his  reproof  of  them, — read  2 Cor.  1-11  noticing  what  is  implied  as  to  the 
experiences  through  which  he  has  been  passing,  and  as  to  his  present  condition  and  state  of  mind.  Do  vs.  4-7 
refer  only  to  the  afflictions  mentioned  in  v.  8,  or  in  part  also  to  the  distress  of  mind  caused  by  anxiety  concern- 
ing the  Corinthians? 

Third  day.  Read  2 Cor.  1: 12 — 2: 17  with  the  help  of  the  analysis. 

Fourth  day.  See  the  analysis  and  notice  that  with  the  beginning  of  the  third  chapter  the  matter  of  wait- 
ing for  Titus  spoken  of  in  2: 12,  13  is  dropped  and  resumed  again  in  7:5, 6.  The  intervening  chapters,  therefore, 
are  really  a long  parenthesis  concerning  the  manner  and  motives  of  the  apostle’s  ministry,  and  must  be  read  as 
such.  See  analysis.  Read  chap.  3,  bearing  in  mind  that  the  apostle  had  been  criticised  and  denounced  by 
Jewish  Christian  preachers,  and  that  he  is  here  contrasting  his  ministry  with  theirs. 

Fifth  day.  Bearing  in  mind  that  Paul  is  here  explaining  the  motives  of  his  ministry  and  what  sustains 
him  in  his  labors,  read  4: 1—5: 10,  forming  your  own  impression  of  the  ministry  thus  described. 

Sixth  day.  Read  5: 11 — 6: 10  as  suggested  for  yesterday. 

Seventh  day.  Read  6: 11 — 7:  4,  comparing  the  analysis  and  noticing  that  6: 14 — 7: 1 is  a digression  treating  of 
the  necessity  of  the  church  keeping  itself  free  from  heathen  influences.  The  connection  between  this  and  the 
apostle’s  appeal  for  affection  is  difficult  now  to  discover. 

Noticing  that  in  7 : 5 the  apostle  takes  up  the  matter  of  his  distress  of  mind  and  the  comfort  caused  by  the 
coming  of  Titus,  where  he  left  it  to  introduce  the  digression  concerning  his  ministry.  (See  2: 12, 13),  read  7: 5-16. 
Cf.  suggestion  (6)  first  day. 

Eighth  day.  Notice  the  subject  of  chaps.  8 and  9.  Cf.  9: 1 and  the  analysis.  Notice  the  evidence  in  1 Cor. 
16:1-3  and  Rom.  15:25-27,  that  during  all  of  this  last  part  of  Paul’s  third  missionary  journey  one  of  the  things 
which  he  had  on  his  mind  was  the  gathering  of  money  for  the  relief  of  poor  Christians  in  Jerusalem. 

C-4 


Remembering  how  much  Paul  had  been  hindered  in  his  work  among  the  Gentiles  by  certain  Jewish  Christians 
in  Jerusalem  (cf.  Acts  15: 1 and  the  letter  to  the  Galatians,  especially  2:4,  12),  consider  how  much  real  danger 
there  was  that  the  Christian  church  should  be  divided  into  two  sharply  opposed  bodies, — one  a mere  6eci  of 
Judaism,  and  the  other  a Gentile  Christian  body  having  no  real  connection  with  the  religion  of  the  Old  Testa- 
ment. Bear  these  facts  in  mind  as  you  read,  considering  whether  gifts  of  money  by  the  Gentile  Christians  for 
the  relief  of  the  poverty  of  Jewish  brethren  would  tend  to  establish  friendly  relations  and  prevent  any  rupture. 
Read  chap.  8,  noticing  the  motives  to  which  the  apostle  appeals,  and  the  methods  which  he  employs  for  raising 
this  money. 

Ninth  day.  Read  chap.  9,  remembering  suggestions  for  yesterday. 

Tenth  day.  For  the  understanding  of  10: 1 — 12: 13  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  there  were  several  parties 
in  the  church  at  Corinth  (1  Cor.  1:12)  and  that  one  at  least  of  these  was  opposed  to  the  apostle  Paul,  denying 
his  apostleship  (see  1 Cor.  9:1,  2).  It  was  doubtless  this  criticism  of  him  which  led  the  apostle  to  the  exposi- 
tion of  the  motives  of  his  ministry  in  the  early  part  of  this  letter  (2  Cor.  3: 1 — 6: 10).  In  these  chaps.  10: 1 — 12:13 
he  replies  more  directly  to  the  charges  against  him.  One  who  reads  these  chapters  attentively  will  be  able  to 
see  that  the  party  that  he  is  here  answering  were  Jewish  Christians  (11:22)  and  claimed  a special  relationship  to 
Christ,  10:7;  11:13,  23  (probably  persons  who  had  known  Christ  in  the  flesh).  It  should  be  noticed  that  Paul 
sometimes  uses  here  the  language  of  strong  sarcasm  and  irony,  e.  g.,  11:5,  and  occasionally  quotes  the  language 
of  his  opponents,  e.  g.,  10: 1,  10.  Bearing  this  in  mind,  read  chap.  10. 

Eleventh  day.  Recall  the  suggestions  of  yesterday  and  read  chap.  11. 

Twelfth  day.  Recall  the  reading  of  the  last  two  days  and  read  12:1-13;  then  read  12:14 — 13:10  (cf. 
analysis),  noticing  that  the  apostle  still  has  in  mind  the  charges  made  against  him  ; and,  finally,  read  the  con- 
clusion (13: 11-14). 

Thirteenth  day.  Recall  the  journey  that  preceded  the  writing  of  2 Cor.  (see  first  day)  and  read  Acts 
20:2.  See  also  Rom.  15:19  as  indicating  that  Paul  probably  made  a tour  into  Illyricum  at  this  time  (see  D.  T.). 
Read  Rom.  15:23-29  noticing  what  Paul  says,  (a)  about  the  completion  of  his  work  in  the  east  (cf.  also  v.  19  and 
see  the  map),  (b)  about  his  plans  to  go  to  Rome,  (c)  the  journey  that  must  first  be  made  to  Jerusalem.  Notice 
the  evidence  from  all  these  things  that  Paul  had  reached  a turning  point  in  his  missionary  work. 

Fourteenth  day.  Read  Rom.  1:1-17  with  the  help  of  the  analysis  noticing  especially  (a)  the  nature  of 
Paul’s  relation  to  the  Roman  Christians  and  ( b ) the  theme  of  the  letter,  vs.  16,  17. 

Fifteenth  day.  With  the  help  of  the  analysis  read  Rom.  1: 18-32.  Try  to  find,  if  you  can,  exactly  what 
Paul  regarded  as  the  essence  of  Gentile  sin.  See  especially  vs.  18,  32. 

Sixteenth  day.  Read  2:1-16  noticing  that  the  apostle  is  simply  insisting  upon  the  impartiality  of  God, 
that  he  judges  Jew  and  Gentile  on  the  same  principles,  approving  not  him  who  knows  the  right,  but  him  who 
does  the  right.  Read  2:17-29  in  which  Paul  uses  this  fact  of  God’s  impartiality  to  convict  the  Jew  of  sin. 

Seventeenth  day.  Read  3:1-20  in  which  the  apostle  considers  and  answers  possible  objections  to  his  con- 
clusion that  the  Jew  is  guilty  equally  with  the  Gentile.  Note  especially  vs.  19,  20  in  which  may  be  seen  the 
substance  of  what  Paul  has  been  arguing  for  up  to  this  point : viz.,  that  justification  by  law  is  an  impossibility 
to  either  Jew  or  Gentile. 

Eighteenth  day.  Read  with  special  care  3 : 21-26  which  is  the  heart  of  the  doctrinal  part  of  the  letter,  and 
then  answer  the  following  questions  from  it : 1.  Why  does  no  man  become  acceptable  to  God  by  works  of  law  ? 

2.  By  what  can  a man  become  acceptable  to  God  ? 3.  Is  such  acceptance  a matter  of  desert  or  of  free  grace  ? 
4.  What  work  of  Christ  for  us  makes  possible  such  acceptance  ? Read  3 : 27-30,  noticing  how  this  principle  of 
faith  of  necessity  stops  Jewish  boasting  and  opens  the  door  of  salvation  to  Jews  and  Gentiles  alike. 

Nineteenth  day.  Read  3 :31 — 4 : 25  noticing  that  throughout  this  chapter,  as  in  Gal.,  chaps.  3 and  4,  Paul 
uses  the  case  of  Abraham  (whom  every  Jew  counted  as  his  father,  expecting  to  be  saved  because  of  this 
relationship  (cf.  Matt.  3 : 9 and  John  8 : 39)  to  prove  that  from  the  beginning  men  were  accepted  of  God  not  for 
meritorious  deeds,  but  because  of  faith. 

Twentieth  day.  Read  chap.  5 with  the  help  of  analysis.  Notice  especially  that  the  purpose  of  this 
chapter  is  to  emphasize  the  excellence  of  the  salvation  already  described. 

Twenty-first  day.  Read  chap.  6,  noticing  (a)  the  question  which  it  discusses  (v.  1),  (b)  Paul’s  first  answer 
to  the  question  (vs.  2-11),  (c)  the  exhortation  based  on  this  answer  (vs.  12-14),  (d)  the  same  question  in  slightly 
different  form  (v.  15),  (e),  the  answer  to  this  form  of  the  question  (16-23). 

Twenty-second  day.  Read  chap.  7,  noticing  that  this  chap,  discusses  the  important  question  of  the 
relationship  of  the  Christian  to  the  Law.  In  vs.  1-6  it  is  affirmed  that  we  are  now  dead  to  the  Law.  In  vs. 
7-25  Paul  shows  that  the  Law,  though  good  and  holy,  cannot  make  men  holy  because  of  the  sin  that  dwells  in 
them.  From  this  only  Jesus  Christ  can  deliver. 

Twenty-third  day.  Notice  that  chap.  8 is  in  some  sense  the  climax  of  the  apostle’s  exposition  of  the  way 
of  salvation.  In  vs.  1-25  he  shows  how  those  who  are  in  Christ  and  have  the  spirit  of  Christ  in  them,  gain  the 
victory  both  over  sin  and  death,  thus  attaining  unto  full  salvation,  a purified  spirit  in  a glorified  body.  In  vs. 
26-30  he  shows  further  the  certainty  of  the  final  result,  (a)  because  of  the  indwelling  of  the  Spirit  teaching  us 
to  pray,  (b)  the  eternal  purpose  of  God  resting  on  his  foreknowledge,  and  issuing  in  our  glorification.  Vs.  31-39 
are  the  apostle’s  exultant  psalm  of  triumph  as  he  contemplates  the  wonderful  love  of  God  which  has  provided 
this  way  of  salvation.  Read  it,  not  as  an  argument,  but  as  a shout  of  triumph. 

Twenty-fourth  day.  In  reading  chaps.  9,  10,  11,  remember  that  the  very  thing  for  which  the  apostle 
contends  in  the  letter  is  that  now  there  is  one  way  of  salvation  for  Jew  and  Gentile  alike.  This  could  not  fail 
sooner  or  later  to  raise  the  question,  ‘-What  becomes  then  of  God’s  special  promises  to  the  Jews  in  the  Old 
Testament ?”  In  the  previous  letters  Paul  has  not  touched  upon  this  question,  but  now  he  discusses  it  at 
length.  Bear  in  mind  it  is  this  national  question  which  he  discusses.  Read  chap.  9 with  the  help  of  the 
analysis. 

Twenty-fifth  day.  Read  chap.  10  with  the  help  of  the  analysis. 

Twenty-sixth  day.  Read  chap.  11  with  the  help  of  the  analysis. 


Twenty  seventh  day.  Review  with  the  aid  of  the  analysis  chaps.  1 to  11  and  notice  that  there  is  nowhere 
in  these  chapters  any  direct  reference  to  the  Judaizers  ( cf . Gal.  ch.  1.)  consider  (a)  whether  Paul’s  argument  i6 
adapted  to  prepare  the  minds  of  the  Romans  against  any  possible  attempt  of  the  Judaizers  to  pervert  the 
Gospel  of  Christ,  (b)  what  these  facts  indicate  as  to  whether  Rome  had  yet  been  visited  by  the  Judaizers,  or 
was  only  in  danger  of  an  attack  from  them,  (c)  what  Paul's  purpose  in  writing  was. 

Twenty-eighth  day.  Notice  that  from  this  point  on  the  apostle  deals  with  matters  of  practical  Christian 
morality,  read  chaps.  12  and  13  following  the  analysis.  Notice  the  special  appropriateness  of  13 : 1-7  to 
residents  of  the  capital  city. 

Twenty -ninth  day.  Begin  the  study  of  14  : 1—15  : 13  by  noticing  the  two  matters  concerning  which  some 
of  the  Roman  Christians  had  conscientious  scruples  ; then  read  14  : 1-12  (the  principle  of  Christian  liberty 
and  personal  responsibility  to  the  Lord),  then  13-23  (the  principle  of  Christian  love  which  bids  us  have  more 
regard  for  our  brother's  good  than  for  the  exercise  of  our  liberty),  then  15  : 1-13  in  which  both  parties  are 
instructed  how  to  act  and  the  exhortation  is  enforced  by  appeal  to  Christ’s  example. 

Thirtieth  day.  Read  15  : 14-33  (reasons  for  writing,  plans  for  the  future,  etc.)  and  form  as  definite  an  idea 
as  you  can  of  the  apostle’s  state  of  mind  at  this  turning  point  in  his  missionary  life. 

Thirty-first  day.  Read  chap.  16  as  throwing  further  light  upon  the  nature  of  Paul’s  work  and  his  situation 
at  this  time. 

Thirty-second  day.  §53.  Read  Acts  20  : 4-38  (the  journey  from  Corinth  to  Miletus),  and  with  special  care 
Paul’s  address  to  the  Ephesian  elders  (20:  18-35). 

Thirty-third  day.  Read  Acts  21 :1-16. 


REVIEW  QUESTIONS. 

READ  CAREFULLY.— Answer  questions,  as  far  as  possible,  from  memory.  Then  take  your  Bible  and  review  with  the  questions 
in  mind,  revising  your  answers  as  you  read.  Should  you  wish  to  work  for  a certificate,  duplicate  blanks  for  these  questions  will  be 
sent  on  application  to  the  office  of  the  Institute,  Hyde  Park,  Chicago,  111.,  enclosing  two-cent  stamp.  Blanks  for  the  entire  course 
will  be  sent  at  once.  Any  person  sending  in  nine  papers  for  the  year  will  receive  a certificate. 


1.  Write  here  the  answers  to  the  questions  given  in  the  work  of  the  first  day  (1). 


(2) 

(3)  • 

(4)  

(5)  

(6)  

2.  What  can  you  say  as  to  the  manner  and  motive  of  Paul’s  ministry  as  set  forth  by  himself? 


3.  What  party  in  the  Corinthian  church  had  made  charges  against  Paul,  and  what  was  the  character  of  these 


charges  ? 


4.  To  what  people  whom  he  had  not  visited  did  Paul  write  a letter  ? 


5.  What  was  the  theme  of  this  letter  ? 


C-4 


6.  According  to  Paul’s  teaching,  upon  what  basis  does  God  judge  all  men,  Jew  or  Gentile  ? 


7.  Write  here  the  answers  to  the  questions  contained  in  the  work  of  the  eighteenth  day 


8.  What  Old  Testament  character  does  Paul  cite  to  show  that  men  are  acceptable  to  God  only  because  of  faith ? 


9.  What  are  some  of  the  consequences  of  acceptance  with  God  ? (Chap.  5.) 


10.  What  is  the  relationship  of  Christians  to  (a)  sin  ? 


(6)  The  law 


11.  How  is  the  victory  gained  over  sin  and  death  ? 


12.  Name  six  of  the  most  important  practical  teachings  contained  in  chap.  12 


C-4 


13.  What  journey  did  Paul  take  after  writing  his  letter  to  the  Romans? 


14.  At  what  place  did  he  stop  ? 


15.  To  what  future  did  Paul  look  forward  at  this  time  and  in  what  spirit  ? 


HONOR  QUESTIONS. 

% 

N.  B.  Any  person  answering  the  honor  questions  upon  each  of  the  nine  question  sheets  in  the  year's 
course  will  receive  a Special  Honor  sign  upon  his  certificate.  These  questions  may  he  studied  previously , but 
must  be  answered  from  memory. 

1.  By  what  danger  was  the  Christian  church  confronted  in  the  existence  of  two  factions,  the  Jewish  and  the 
Gentile  churches  ? 


2.  What  means  does  Paul  use  partly  for  the  purpose  of  binding  together  the  Jerusalem  church  and  the 
Gentile  churches  ? 


3.  What  does  Paul  state  concerning  the  reason  for  the  rejection  of  Christ  by  the  Jews  ? 


4.  Name  as  far  as  you  can  remember  them,  all  the  places  in  which  Paul  had  established  churches  thus  far 


5.  Of  what  use  was  the  Jewish  synagogue  to  the  apostles  in  their  introduction  of  the  gospel-? 


